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Neurologic Oncology

Brain and central nervous system (CNS) cancers remain among the most aggressive and difficult-to-treat malignancies. Glioblastoma (GBM), the most common form, is associated with a median survival of just over one year with current therapies, while leptomeningeal disease (LMD), where cancer spreads to the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord, has a median survival of only a few months.

The blood–brain barrier remains a critical obstacle, limiting the effectiveness of many therapies. Telix is advancing imaging and therapeutic candidates designed to cross this barrier, with the goal of improving precision and outcomes in brain cancer care.

Neurologic oncology by the numbers

Brain Cancer

300,000

300,000

people diagnosed globally each year with brain and CNS cancers1.
Brain Cancer

50 %

50 %

of these are glioblastoma, the most aggressive form of brain tumor2.
Brain Cancer

2-4 months

2-4 months

median survival following diagnosis for leptomeningeal disease (LMD) patients3.
Brain Cancer

5 %

5 %

approximate five-year survival rate, underscoring the urgent need for new treatment approaches4.

Targeting LAT1 & 2

Our neuro-oncology portfolio targets L-type amino acid transporters 1 and 2 (LAT1 and LAT2) — proteins expressed on both sides of the blood–brain barrier and overexpressed in multiple solid tumors, including high-grade glioma.

By targeting LAT1 and LAT2, our radiopharmaceuticals aim to reach a range of primary CNS cancers and metastases from cancers, such as lung and breast cancer.

Using a LAT-targeting approach, we are advancing small-molecule therapeutic candidates designed to cross the blood–brain barrier and selectively deliver radiation to tumor cells:

TLX101-Tx (¹³¹I-IPA) is our lead therapeutic candidate for glioblastoma (GBM), under evaluation in both newly diagnosed and recurrent disease. It is currently being studied in the pivotal IPAX-BrIGHT trial in recurrent GBM and has received orphan drug designation in the United States and Europe.

TLX102-Tx (²¹¹At-APA) is an alpha therapeutic candidate designed to complement the TLX101 programs. It has shown preclinical proof-of-concept and received FDA orphan drug designation for multiple myeloma and glioma. Development is planned for leptomeningeal disease as an initial indication.

Leveraging our LAT1-targeting platform, we are advancing imaging agents that enable non-invasive detection and monitoring of brain tumors.

TLX101-Px (¹⁸F-floretyrosine, Pixclara®*) is our PET imaging candidate first being evaluated in high-grade glioma, designed to visualize disease burden and assess treatment response. It is used across the IPAX series of trials as a companion imaging agent to support development of our TLX101 therapeutic program and has received orphan drug designation in the United States and Europe.

*Proposed brand name, subject for regulatory approval

Learn more about the IPAX studies here

Neuro-Oncology Pipeline

Swipe to see more
Targeting agent
Isotope
Therapeutic / Diagnostic
Pre-clinical
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 3
Commercial

Brain LAT

Small molecule
131I
Therapeutic
TLX101-Tx (131I-IPA)

Brain LAT

Small molecule
211At (alpha)
Therapeutic
TLX102-Tx (211At-APA)

Brain LAT

Small molecule
18F
Diagnostic
TLX101-Px, Pixclara® (18F-floretyrosine)
FOOTNOTES
  1. Brain and CNS cancers new cases (global, 2022): 321,624 — Kim et al., Journal of Neuro-Oncology (analysis of GLOBOCAN 2022).
  2. Glioblastoma as share of malignant brain tumors: 51.5% — CBTRUS Glioblastoma fact sheet (CDC NPCR + NCI SEER).
  3. Leptomeningeal disease median survival: 2–5 months — Sener et al., Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports (2025).
  4. Glioblastoma five-year survival: 5%–7% — Mayo Clinic (updated 2026).